1. Mach-Zehnder modulator

The goal of this application example is to teach you how to use the IPKISS platform to design, layout and simulate a Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM). This device is very important in optical communication networks, where it is mostly used to modulate laser light with a high-speed electric signal. This modulated optical signal is then sent through optical fibers that can carry the signal over hundreds of kilometers as compared to electrical cables, where the signal already degrades after a few meters. The MZM can also be used for a variety of other applications, for example as a key component in optical switches or optical sensors that measure the refractive index and concentration variation of solutions.

First, we give an introduction to MZMs and their basic operation principles. We then move forward to study how to design and simulate an electro-optic phase shifter and a heater, both important building blocks of an MZM. Finally, we put all the pieces together and learn how to design and simulate a complete MZM.

• 1.1. Introduction
• 1.2. Electro-optic phase modulator
• 1.3. Thermo-optic phase shifter (Heater)
• 1.4. Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM)